Nuclear - Practice Final Exam

Today, many countries have signed the NPT (nonproliferation treaty). And they try to prevent the risk of nuclear war. The reason that many countries try to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons is that it is very fatal to humans. However, about 50 years ago, many nuclear tests were done in some places, especially Nevada. And, now the problems have arisen. But the government doesn’t solve this problem clearly. According to the Salt Lake Tribune (2004, par. 2), “After being subjected to lethal radioactive fallout and government lies about the tests and their risks, Utahns of both political parties are wholly justified in protesting even the talk about resuming nuclear testing.”

The nuclear testing brought many problems such as health problems, financial problems and threat of war. Therefore, the government should take care of the nuclear victims, and save unnecessary money. Finally they should give up developing their nuclear arms.

First, the government should compensate people who got a disadvantage from the nuclear testing. The radioactive fallout causes many health problems. According to Soloman (2001, p. 1), “As the time passed, people in affected areas suffered extraordinarily high rates of cancer and thyroid ills.” And these diseases are very fatal to the health. And the aftereffect can continue to their children. They are just poor victims who were attacked by greed of power. Therefore, the government has one hundred percent responsibility for their treatment. So the government should pay to them for their financial, mental and physical problems.

Second, the government should save money that is wasted by unnecessary development. Now, the government spends extraordinary money to maintain and develop their nuclear arms. But this effort is unnecessary now. We already have had a long time for testing and there are many good reasons that why it’s unnecessary (Evenson, 1997). The budget for this testing is tremendous. Therefore the government should shrink their nuclear testing budget and instead of this increase compensation for the victims.

Finally, the countries that have nuclear arms should give up their nuclear arms decisively. If they try to develop the nuclear weapons continuously, competition is going to happen competition between other countries. And it can stimulate other countries to develop nuclear arms (Batt, 2002). It is possible to cause wars. Therefore the countries should give up developing their nuclear arms for world peace.

In conclusion, now the technology has developed obviously. In accordance with this, some countries also have developed their power. However, it might threaten world peace. Therefore, the government should take care of the victims of nuclear testing, and use their money for the nuclear victims instead of the nuclear testing. Moreover, they should give up their nuclear arms.

Prevent Carbon Monoxide - Research Paper

Today, our industry is developed very much and it makes our life quality much better than before. However it also makes many problems. Especially carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the worst problems, because it is a very fatal gas but it is hard to recognize. In Korea, deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning usually happened in late 1970s, because they used briquettes for heating. There were no detectors to make alarms for leaks of carbon monoxide, and then tragic deaths occured. However I thought it was only stories of a long time ago and these dangers disappeared today. But I was surprised when I read an article that mentioned two deaths because of carbon monoxide in Manhattan last year (Gilgoff, 2005). Therefore the government has made a law to set up CO detectors. According to the Buffalo News (2005, p. C4), “carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless gas that can kill silently, claiming roughly 500 American each year. Often, the culprit is a furnace, water heater or other fuel-burning appliance. Carbon monoxide has become such a menace that a growing number of cities and states now require carbon monoxide alarms in homes.”

There are many things that create carbon monoxide around us. Usually it is created when the burning is not complete. Therefore all of the burning construction progress can be the causes of carbon monoxide. Especially cars are the main causes of that. These days, the use of cars has increased very much. The car burns fuel for driving and when it burns imperfectly, the car emits CO. And also it makes many health problems. According to Sluijter (1963, p. 26) “carbon monoxide poisoning can produce a range of symptoms, including headaches, memory loss, confusion, argumentativeness and depression. In some cases victims experience chest pains, have difficulty breathing and suffer heart attacks, Branecki said.” But the worst problem is that there are no laws to treat the victims, because the people who are attacked from carbon monoxide didn’t do anything. They are just victims of the industrial development. Therefore we need a law to treat their disadvantages from carbon monoxide.

There are some problems that have happened because of carbon monoxide. Therefore, we need some solutions to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning and a counterplan for victims of carbon monoxide.

First, we should try to develop machines that create less carbon monoxide. Hybrid Electronic Vehicle is a good example of that. The Auto vehicle is the main source of carbon monoxide. However we already developed the hybrid electronic vehicle. It is an auto vehicle whose engine is run by gasoline and electricity. Therefore it uses less gasoline, so it creates less carbon monoxide than other vehicles. So this hybrid electronic vehicle will help to reduce the risks of carbon monoxide. According to L, Ortiz, (2005, p. 29), “at Permaculture Credit Union in Santa Fe, New Mexico, ...the majority of its car loans are for alternative fuel vehicles. Not surprising for a CU founded in 2000 on the principles of permaculture, which promotes living in balance with the environment.”

And also there is another solution to reduce the exhaust gas. It is to change to a fuel such as CNG. CNG is the initials of compressed natural gas. According to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2005. par.1,2), “Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a substitute for gasoline (petrol) or diesel fuel. It is considered to be an environmentally clean alternative to those fuels. It is made by compressing purified natural gas, and is typically stored and distributed in hard containers. In response to high fuel prices and environmental concerns, compressed natural gas is starting to be used in light-duty passenger vehicles and pick up trucks, medium-duty delivery trucks, and in transit and school buses.” And this gas is already planned to be put to practical use in Korea. But it is delayed, because to build the CNG refueling station is expensive. However the government said this project is going to be finished by 2010. (Seo, 2005). And I expect that after this project is finished, the carbon monoxide problem in Korea will be reduced.

Second, we should strengthen carbon monoxide detectors, because it is important not only to reduce carbon monoxide but also prevent carbon monoxide poisoning. According to Ruggles (2005, p. 01B), “this is the season when carbon monoxide is especially threatening. As winter approaches and temperatures drop, people close their homes, turn up the heat and light fireplaces. Warming up motor vehicles can invite carbon monoxide, too.” Therefore, the New York City government made a law that all buildings should set detectors (Gilgoff, 2005).

But the detector is not enough to prevent all situations. For example, there are some people who have a handicap such as deafness. They can’t recognize the danger when the detector catches a leak of carbon monoxide. So the detector should be stronger than before. I think the visual alarm is needed for them. And there is another problem that people sometimes can’t hear the alarm. So we need some specific functions that work in case some is asleep. For example, when the alarm is ringing, it should announce not only in the home but also at the neighbors’ or in some buildings that are located near the house. In addition, we should think that the electricity maybe gone. If the electricity is gone, the detector should not work so we need to consider that. According to Hevens (2005, par. 5), “Be sure to: Buy a detector with a backup battery. Most carbon monoxide detectors can be plugged into an electrical outlet, which provides a constant source of power. But when power is lost, there has to be a backup many situations in which carbon monoxide plays a role occur as homeowners cope with the aftermath of a major storm. The backup -- presupposes, of course, that the battery is changed regularly -- every six months, to be on the safe side.” However it is not good to depend on only detector, we should take care about that after we set it.

Finally, the government should take care of the victims who got damage from carbon monoxide. The reason the government has a responsibility for this problem is that the victims are sacrificed by industrial development. Therefore the government should bear the responsibility for them. In my opinion, there are two ways to help them financially.
One of them is to shoulder their hospital fee. Usually it is very expensive and it takes a long time to treat the carbon monoxide poisoning. So the victims could be needed financial help. And the other one is that the government should pay back the victim’s income loss by carbon monoxide poisoning. Usually carbon monoxide poisoning is fatal, so most of them can’t have an ordinary living even though they have treatment completely. Therefore they lose income that is caused by carbon monoxide should be guaranteed by the government.

In conclusion, some risks of carbon monoxide exist around our lives. And it is threatening our society in many ways. Therefore, we should develop the machines that create less carbon monoxide. And also we need stronger detectors than before. In addition, the government should make a law to treat the victims. Most of all we should recognize the dangers of carbon monoxide.

Bibliography

Consumer Reports. (2005, Sep. 26). Silent killer cause for alarm. The Buffalo News, New York. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database, Nov. 30, 2005.

Gilgoff, H. (2005, July 1). Detection: It’s the law Getting guidance; New York City residences now must be protected against carbon monoxide. Newsday, New York. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database, Oct. 25, 2005.

Heavens, A. (2005, Oct. 16). Take action to detect carbon monoxide. Ventura County Star, California. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database, Nov. 30, 2005.

Lee, R. (2005, Sep 8). East Norwalk company garners awards for carbon monoxide detection systems. The Stamford Advocate. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database, Oct. 31, 2005.

Ortiz, L. (2005, Sep. 26). Pumping up Loan Volume; As Gas Prices Soar, CUs Have Responded With Special Loans On Hybrid Automobiles, Rebate Offers & More. Credit Union Journal. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database, Dec. 4, 2005.

Ruggles, R. (2005, Nov. 27). Gas poisonings prompt warning: Carbon monoxide Poisoning facts How to prevent poisoning If you suspect poisoning. Omaha World-Herald, Nebraska. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database, Dec. 1, 2005.

Tane, A. (2005, Aug. 27). Gov’t urged to back CNG use. Waikato Times, New Zealand, Hamilton. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database, Dec. 4, 2005.

Sluijter, M. (1963). The treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning by administration of oxygen at high atmospheric pressure.

Seo, J. (2005, June 12). Eco-Friendly Bus Project Delayed. Koreatimes. Retrieved from http://search.hankooki.com. on Dec. 5, 2005.

Wikipedia. (2005, Dec.). Compressed natural gas. Free encyclopedia. Retrieved on Dec. 5, 2005 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNG.

Married foreign women to be granted permanent residence

according to the article "Married foreign women to be granted permanent residence," Kim, J says that the Korean government is going to support foreign females who are married to Koreans giving them their rights as a Korean. They have had many disadventages before even though their husbands are Korean. Therefore the government made a law for their rights such as allowing permanent residency and free medical care. In addition, usually they are from the Philippines and Vietnam, so the government also plants to provide more economic help for them.

I think this law is very good for their rights. But the government should be careful, because there is some illegality problem that is a bogus marriage. I saw many of these situations in the news. And after this law was published, it will be more common. Therefore, the government should be more careful and make strong punishment for this crime. In my opinion, it is the best punishment that to banish them.

Preventing Carbon Monoxide

These days, there are many people who get damage from carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is usually a fatal gas. It has caused many tragic deaths all over the world. Because of this problem New York City made a law that all buildings should set a detector to announce an alarm at the leak of carbon monoxide. But we still have other problem. One of the problems is that we use many things that create carbon monoxide. For example, the car is one of the most common factors that create carbon monoxide. And factory also creates lots of carbon monoxide. However we also think about the victims who get the damage from carbon monoxide, because the law about the treatment of the victim of carbon monoxide is not strong.

There are some problems that have happened because of carbon monoxide. Therefore we need some solutions to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning and the counterplan for victims of carbon monoxide.

First, we should try to develop machines that create less carbon monoxide. In our living, there are many things that create carbon monoxide. The car is one of the most important factors to create that. And we already developed the hybrid car, but it is more expensive than others. Therefore it is not easy to buy. So we should develop this kind of thing and try to use it more commonly.

Second, we should develop the detector so that it is stronger than before. There are many people who died because of carbon monoxide, even though they already installed the carbon monoxide detectors. The reason for their deaths is that they had a handicap about their hearing. Therefore they didn’t hear the alarm, so the detector should be stronger than before. And we should think about other weak parts of the detector, such as a kind of function while the handicapped person is sleeping.

Finally, the government should compensate the victims for their loss. They didn’t do anything wrong; they are just citizens who got the damage from carbon monoxide. Therefore the government should make a law about the treatment of the victims. For example, it is very expensive to treat them, so the government should supports their hospital fee. In addition, it is also needed to support their income, because they can’t do their work until they become well. Therefore, the government should make a law about their treatment.

In conclusion, there are many people who are endangered by carbon monoxide. Therefore the most important thing is to make some solutions, such as to reduce the carbon monoxide or to develop the detector. And the government has to make a counterplan for the victims.

Reference:

Gilgoff, H. (2005, July 1). Detection: It’s the law Getting guidance; New York City residences now must be protected against carbon monoxide. Newsday, New York. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database, Oct. 25, 2005.

Lee, R. (2005, Sep 8). East Norwalk company garners awards for carbon monoxide detection systems. The Stamford Advocate. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database, Oct. 31, 2005.

Preventing carbon monoxide - R/P

These days, it is one of the important risks that carbon monoxide is cause§∑ by industrial development. In Korea, death by carbon monoxide poisoning usually happened in the late 1970s, because they had used briquettes for heating. There were no detectors to alarm for leaks of carbon monoxide, and then tragic death occurred. However I thought it was only a story of a long time ago, and these dangers had disappeared today. But I was surprised when I read an article that mentioned two deaths because of carbon monoxide in Manhattan last year (Gilgoff, 2005). In addition, more than 3,000 Americans are killed by carbon monoxide every year (Lee, 2005). Because of this problem New York City made a law that all buildings should set a detector to announce an alarm at the leak of carbon monoxide (Gilgoff, 2005). However, this risk is still in existence around our lives, even though the detector is invented and the technology developed. The reason it is called a tragic death is that victims of carbon monoxide didn’t do anything; they are just victims of the industrial development. Therefore the most important problem is there are too many things that create carbon monoxide and there are no laws about the treatment for victims of carbon monoxide poisoning.

I plan to write about some solutions to prevent carbon monoxide and some counterplan for victims of carbon monoxide poisoning. First, we should try to develop machines that create less carbon monoxide, such as hybrid cars. Second, we should develop stronger detectors. Finally, the government should compensate the victims for their loss.

I have got the information about the carbon monoxide detector from the articles. Also I need more information about laws for setting the detectors and the treatment for the victims.

Reference:

Gilgoff, H. (2005, July 1). Detection: It’s the law Getting guidance; New York City residences now must be protected against carbon monoxide. Newsday, New York. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database, Oct. 25, 2005.

Lee, R. (2005, Sep 8). East Norwalk company garners awards for carbon monoxide detection systems. The Stamford Advocate. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database, Oct. 31, 2005.

To Prevent a Tragic Death of Carbon Monoxide - S/R #2

In “East Norwalk company garners awards for carbon monoxide detection systems”, R. Lee says that an East Norwalk company, Electronic Control Systems LLC, makes a carbon monoxide detection system. There are several thousand people who are damaged by carbon monoxide every year. However this detector will save many people from carbon monoxide poisoning. When a leak of carbon monoxide happens, the detector sounds an alarm to let us know that. In addition, it shows where it has leaked and cuts off the cause. It was invented by Winters, who was got damage by carbon monoxide. And it got many prizes for its safety aspect.

Many people have died because of carbon monoxide poisoning in the last several decades. Therefore carbon monoxide detector is one of the most important inventions in these days. So we should regard some factors to use it commonly. At first, the cost is the most important thing. Next, we should also think about the safety. Finally, the development should be continued.

First of all, the cost should be not expensive to use. It is an important factor for the common use. If the cost is expensive, people won’t want to use it. However like this mistake happened frequently in the market. For example, the solar power vehicle is very useful to save fuel and also good to keep the environment. But it is too expensive to be of practical use. In addition, the present technology can’t support making it cheaper. Therefore it can’t be used commonly in our lives before to set the cost suitable to make people buy it.

And then, the function should be more safe. Even if the cost is low, if the function is not complete, it is useless. In addition, it can cause more victims of carbon monoxide. For example, one company sells the detector for very cheap price. And many people and building owners set this machine. But if there are some problems, it may cause a tragic death. So the function should be complete because it relates directly with life.

Finally, the development of the detector should continue. There will be some risks; however, the detector is made completely. In Winters’ case, according to this article, he got the idea to cut off the furnace, from other technology. And his inventor became stronger. From this case, we can think about other things to make the detector stronger. And it will be helpful to save many lives from carbon monoxide poisoning.

In conclusion, the detector is necessary to prevent the tragic death. Therefore we should try to make its use more common. And also try to develop the detector to be more safe and make its function strong. It can save lives from carbon monoxide poisoning.

Reference:

Lee, R. (Sep 8, 2005). East Norwalk company gamers awards for carbon monoxide detection systems. The Stamford Advocate, Stamford, CT. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database, Oct. 31, 2005.

Save Life from Carbon Monoxide. - S/R #1

In “Detection: It’s the law, getting guidance; New York City residences now must be protected against carbon monoxide”, H, Gilgoff says that the New York City government made a law that residences in New York must install the carbon monoxide detectors. It happened in New York that two lives were lost because of carbon monoxide in 2004. The carbon monoxide is usually hard to recognize because there is no color or smell. Therefore the city government lay down a law to set detectors to check for leaks of carbon monoxide. And now, it convert almost every building in the city. However the detector requires a visual sign because there are some people who can’t hear the alarm. In addition, the government established guidance about information of the carbon monoxide detectors.

Carbon monoxide is a fatal gas to life. Therefore we should recognize the danger of that and try to prevent these tragedies. At first, try to develop a car for burning fuels completely. And the government should support the victims who had damage from carbon monoxide. Finally, the government should make a law to limit the amount of carbon monoxide produced by factories and cars.

First, the exhaust gas of a car is one of the primary causes of make carbon monoxide. While a car is driving, the car emits exhaust gas. This is because the car can’t burn the fuel completely. Therefore the company should develop the engine to burn the fuel completely. And the government should support the company to develop that. However the most important thing is that this car should be widely used by people. Therefore the government should control the cost of the car for people to buy it easily.

Second, the government should support the victims who were damaged from carbon monoxide, because it isn’t their fault that they were damaged from the carbon monoxide. They are just the citizens and were damaged because of the city pollution. Therefore the government should support them, for example by paying for their hospital fee, and also take care of their health problem.

Finally, the government should enact a law to limit permitted amounts of gas from factories and cars. Factories and cars are the most important causes of carbon monoxide. Therefore the government should check the amount of exhaust gas. And if there is a factory that violates the law, then the government should control it strongly and order them to set a detector in the factory. In addition, if there are some cars which emit the carbon monoxide more than standard amount, they should suggest that the company stop making it.

In conclusion, there are many problems because of carbon monoxide. In addition, they are fatal problems to our lives. Therefore the government should enact a law to limit the carbon monoxide and to provide support for the victims. And we also should recognize the danger of carbon monoxide and be careful of that.


Reference:

Gilgoff, H. (July 1, 2005). Detection: It’s the law Getting guidance; New York City residences now must be protected against carbon monoxide. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database, Oct. 25, 2005.

My Hero - Jack Welch

Jack Welch was a CEO of GE for 20years. He retired in Sep, 2001. After he retired as a chairman and CEO, he published a book about his career. And it became a bestceller. Now, he is known as a icon of leadership.

The Solution to High Temperatures - practice S/R

In “Hot nights in the city: New York City’s environmental future” Whyte, Alan says that there are many dangers because of high temperatures in July 1999 in New York. The earth is getting warmer and it is caused by the work of humans such as burning some materials to make energy and the “urban heat-island effect.” Because of this, we are faced with some dangers. For example, ozone is getting weaker and then it causes a chest complaint easily, especially for children. And the warmer temperature increases mosquito and it makes many contagious diseases such as Malaria. In addition, the surface of the sea rises because the warming temperature melts the glacier.

These problems are near at hand in our present. Therefore it is an urgent need to prevent the earth’s warming. There are some solutions, such as not burning, keeping the nature and preventing overuse of some specific electronic stuff.

At first, one of the damaging factor is burning materials to make energy. It emits so many warmth and some of them remain on the earth. And then it contributes to making earth have a high temperature. Therefore we should use more natural resources such as natural gas and solar energy. For example, I read an article about a person who made a private solar collector by himself. He didn’t work in the field of science. But after he retired, he became interested in solar energy and now he has the largest private solar collector. If we support people like him, it’ll contribute so much to prevent the earth warming.

Second, we should keep forest and develop it because it is also one of the most serious factors that people deforested the land a long time ago. This is because forest controls the earth temperature, but people destroyed the forest and it causes lack of forest. Many people recognize this problem. In Korea, there is a special day on which we plant young trees. Environment gives us many benefits. Therefore we should keep nature and make a sustainable society.

Finally, we should do better in using less electricity today, we tend to overuse some electronic stuff to control temperature such as air conditioner and refrigerator. They emit some specific gas, which destroys ozone. And it makes global warming. Therefore we should reduce the use of air conditioner and try to develop a new material without that gas. For example, there is a movement to reduce the time we use air conditioners in Korea. They suggest not turning on the air conditioner and not use it with a fan at the same time.

In conclusion, there are many problems because the earth is getting warmer. But it is because of human activities. It is necessary to develop the quality of our life, but we should do our best to keep the environment and to exert ourselves to make new sustainable electronic stuff.

Reference:
Whyte, A. (1999, August 17). Hot nights in the city: New York City’s environmental future. World Socialist Web Site online. Retrieved Oct. 19, 2005 from http://www.wsws.org/articles/1999/aug1999/nyc-a17.shtml.